Chapter 4 Verse 28 | Krishnaverse

Word Meanings

dravya-yajñāḥ	offering one’s own wealth as sacrifice
tapaḥ-yajñāḥ	offering severe austerities as sacrifice
yoga-yajñāḥ	performance of eight-fold path of yogic practices as sacrifice
tathā	thus
apare	others
swādhyāya	cultivating knowledge by studying the scriptures
jñāna-yajñāḥ	those offer cultivation of transcendental knowledge as sacrifice
cha	also
yatayaḥ	these ascetics
sanśhita-vratāḥ	observing strict vows

Translation

Others again offer wealth, austerity, and Yoga as sacrifice, while ascetics of self-restraint and rigid vows offer the study of scriptures and knowledge as sacrifice.

Philosophical Significance

Core Meaning

This verse shows that "sacrifice" can take many forms: giving wealth, doing austerities, practicing yoga, or studying and gaining knowledge. All these can be genuine offerings when done with discipline and devotion.

It teaches that what matters is the inner attitude—self-control, steady vows, and sincere purpose—more than the outer form of the practice. Different people suit different paths, but each path can lead to spiritual growth.

When actions are offered without selfish motive, they purify the heart and reduce ego. The verse encourages respect for diverse spiritual methods and emphasizes steady, honest effort.

Life Application

Offer a portion of your time, money, or effort to help others and see it as a spiritual practice, not just duty.
Turn regular disciplines (exercise, study, meditation) into acts of self-offering by doing them with steady resolve and without seeking praise.
Choose practices that fit your nature and keep them consistent; sincerity and restraint matter more than dramatic displays.

Reflection Question

What simple daily action can I offer today with no expectation of reward?